What Is a Protected Class Definition, Examples, Laws

The term â€Å"protected class† refers to groups of people who are legally protected from being harmed or harassed by laws, practices, and policies that discriminate against them due to a shared characteristic (e.g. race, gender, age, disability, or sexual orientation). These groups are protected by both U.S. federal and state laws. The Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice is the independent federal agency responsible for enforcing all federal anti-discrimination laws. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is assigned with the enforcement of these laws specifically as they apply to employment. Key Takeaways A protected class is a group of people sharing a common trait who are legally protected from being discriminated against on the basis of that trait. Examples of protected traits include race, gender, age, disability and veteran status.U.S. anti-discrimination laws are enforced by both the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.   What Are the Protected Classes? The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (CRA) and subsequent federal laws and regulations prohibited discrimination against individuals or groups of individuals because of particular traits. The following table displays each protected trait alongside the law/regulation that established it as such. Protected Characteristic Federal Law Establishing Protected Status Race Civil Rights Act of 1964 Religious belief Civil Rights Act of 1964 National origin Civil Rights Act of 1964 Age (40 years and up) Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1975 Sex* Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Civil Rights Act of 1964 Pregnancy Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 Citizenship Immigration Reform and Control Actof 1986 Familial status Civil Rights Act of 1968 Disability status Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Veteran status Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 and Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act Genetic information Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 *Note: â€Å"sex† has been interpreted to include discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. While not required by federal law, many private employers also have policies protecting their employees from discrimination or harassment based on their marital status, including same-sex marriage, or sexual orientation. In addition, many states have their own laws protecting more broadly-defined and inclusive classes of people. Discrimination vs. Harassment Harassment is a form of discrimination. It is often, but not always, associated with the workplace. Harassment can include a wide range of actions such as racial slurs, derogatory remarks, or unwanted personal attention or touching. While anti-discrimination laws do not prohibit acts like occasional offhand comments or teasing, harassment can become illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it results in a hostile work environment in which the victim finds it difficult or uncomfortable to work. Examples of Discrimination Against Protected Classes Persons who are members of the legally protected classes tend to face a vast number of examples of discrimination. An employee who is undergoing treatment for cancer that is under control or in remission is treated less fairly because they have a â€Å"history of disability.†A person is denied a marriage license when they attempt to marry a person of the same sex.A registered voter is treated differently than other voters at a polling place because of their appearance, race, or national origin.An employee who is over 40 years of age is denied a promotion because of their age, even though they are fully qualified for the job.A transgender person is subjected to harassment or discrimination because of their identity. During 2017, members of protected classes filled 84,254 charges of workplace discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). While charges of discrimination or harassment were filed by members of all protected classes, race (33.9%), disability (31.9%), and sex (30.4%) were filed most frequently. In addition, the EEOC received 6,696 charges of sexual harassment and obtained $46.3 million in monetary benefits for the victims. What Classes Are Not Protected? There are certain groups that are not treated as protected classes under anti-discrimination laws. These include: Level of educational attainmentIncome level or socio-economic classes, such â€Å"middle class†Undocumented immigrantsPersons with a criminal history Federal law strictly prohibits blatant discrimination against protected classes, but it does not absolutely bar employers from considering a person’s membership in a protected class under all circumstances. For example, a person’s sex may be considered in employment decisions if being of a specific sex is a valid qualification for the work involved. What Are ‘Immutable Characteristics’ in Anti-Discrimination Law? In the law, the term â€Å"immutable characteristic† refers to any attribute considered impossible or difficult to change, such as race, national origin, or gender. Individuals claiming to have experienced discrimination because of an immutable characteristic will automatically be treated as members of a protected class. An immutable characteristic is the clearest way to define a protected class; these characteristics are given the most legal protection. Sexual orientation was previously at the center of a legal debate about immutable characteristics. However, under todays anti-discrimination laws, sexual orientation has been established as an immutable trait.   Sources and Further Reading Droste, Meghan. (2018). What Are Protected Classes? Subscript Law.â€Å"Discrimination Harassment† U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions: Types of Discrimination† U.S. Office of Equal Employment Opportunity.â€Å"EOC Releases Fiscal Year 2017 Enforcement and Litigation Data† U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Cub A Political Leader Of Cuba - 1707 Words

â€Å"A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past.† Fidel Castro has had a tremendous impact on Cuba. Castro was a political leader of Cuba (1959–2008) who transformed his country into the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere. Castro became a symbol of communist revolution in Latin America. Before Fidel Castro took rein Cuba was the island of sin, a society consumed by the illnesses, gambling, the Mafia, and prostitution. In 1969 Cuba changed drastically, but still was mainly known for dance, music, prostitutes, cigars, abortions, resort life, and pornographic movies.† Gambling in Cuba meant casino gambling. The reason Cuba attracted tourists is because of its gambling. After several ups and downs in†¦show more content†¦Compared with New York City in 1977, where 40,000 female sex workers were reportedly working, the ratio of sex workers in 1950s Havana, with a population of 1 million people, was approximately double the amount of the one in New York City, with 8 million people. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born on August 13, 1926, near Birà ¡n, in Cuba s eastern Oriente Province. He was the third of six children, including his two brothers, Raà ºl and Ramà ³n; and three sisters, Angela, Emma and Agustina. Castro grew up in wealthy circumstances even though most of Cuba was in poverty. From an early age, Castro showed he was intellectually gifted, but he was also something of a troublemaker and was often more interested in sports than studies. He attended Colegio Dolores in Santiago de Cuba and then El Colegio de Belà ©n in Havana. After his graduation in late 1945, however, Castro entered law school at the University of Havana and became immersed in the climate of Cuban nationalism, anti-imperialism and socialism, focusing his energies more exclusively on politics. By 1947, Castro had become increasingly passionate about social justice and he traveled to the Dominican Republic to join an expedition attempting the overthrow of the country s dictator, Rafael Trujillo. Even though the attempt failed he traveled to Columbia and was involved in an attempt to overthrow the government. In 1947, Castro also joined the Partido Ortodoxo, an anticommunist political party founded toShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Legal1427 Words   |  6 Pagesare bigger issue than someone s gender identity. America’s Conflicted Cuba Policy (July 23, 2016) http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/24/opinion/sunday/americas-conflicted-cuba-policy.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FUnited%20States%20Politics%20and%20Governmentaction=clickcontentCollection=timestopicsregion=streammodule=stream_unitversion=latestcontentPlacement=184pgtype=collection A year after the United States and Cuba formally established diplomatic relations, the two governments have made

If you could choose a holiday for yourself Free Essays

The first city I would love to see in India, is Delhi. It is the capital of India and is where most of the historical events take place. There is the Red Fort which is a famous historical monument in Delhi that was built during the last days of the McHugh Empire and the British Era. We will write a custom essay sample on If you could choose a holiday for yourself or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Delhi Gate, built by Emperor Shah Johan, Is another must visit tourist attraction. The Gate links the New Delhi City with the old walled city of Delhi. And of course, the Quit Minor cannot be a miss! Besides its vast history, there are many other tourist attractions one just experience in Delhi, like the narrow bazaars of old Delhi which gives a feel like you have wondered somewhere medieval. Deli’s local street food is a must try. Deli’s chat and Galapagos in the streets of old Delhi, is what would love to relish! The beautiful Tag Mall, in Agar, being one of the 7 wonders and located about three hours away from Delhi, cannot be missed. This is the world’s most celebrated monument to love. Almost sixty thousand people a day visit the Tag Mall. It is pink at dawn and dusk, dazzling white at noon and pearly silver by moonlight. Since I am a travel lover and it IS my desire to travel and explore the world, I would first want to travel around India as I am an Indian and this way can learn more about this land which has a rich culture full of history, religion, tradition and of course not to forget the variety of mouth watering cuisines in each state, Delhi and Agar being on top of my must – visit list! How to cite If you could choose a holiday for yourself, Papers